History
Gallery
Videos
Activity
Activity Video
Books
Websites
Citations
The History of al-Tabari Vol. 10: The Conquest of Arabia: The Ridda Wars A.D. 632-633/A.H. 11. Translated by Fred M. Donner (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), 1-8; Donner, Fred M. The Early Islamic Conquests. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981), 82-84.
Dommer. The Early Islamic Conquests, 85.
ibid. 89.
Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (New York: Routledge, 2001), 7.
Al-Dawoody, Ahmed. The Islamic Law of War:Justifications and Regulations (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011), 87.
Kaegi, Walter. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 26.
Haldon, John. The Byzantine Wars (Stroud:the History Press, 1996), 63.
Haldon. The Byzantine Wars, 56.
Dommer. The Early Islamic Conquests, 85.
ibid. 89.
Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (New York: Routledge, 2001), 7.
Al-Dawoody, Ahmed. The Islamic Law of War:Justifications and Regulations (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011), 87.
Kaegi, Walter. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 26.
Haldon, John. The Byzantine Wars (Stroud:the History Press, 1996), 63.
Haldon. The Byzantine Wars, 56.