The City-State of the Vatican

The City-State of the Vatican

1929 - Present

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Beales, Dereck and Biagini, Eugenio F. The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy. Second Edition. (London: Routledge, 2002), 155.
Alvarez, David. The Pope’s Soldiers: A Military History of the Modern Vatican. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011), 140 - 141.
“Pope Pius IX to his nephew, September 21, 1870.” Quoted in De Cesare, Rafael. The Last Days of Papal Rome 1850 - 1870. Translated by Helen Zimmern. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1909), 459.
Benigni, Umberto. "Law of Guarantees." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 7. (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910). (Accessed November 15, 2019) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07048a.htm
“Article 3: The Conciliation Treaty.” Lateran Pacts of 1929. Aloha.net. (Accessed November 17, 2019) http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm
“History.” guardiavizzera.ch. (Accessed November 17, 2019) https://www.guardiasvizzera.ch/paepstliche-schweizergarde/it/chi-siamo/la-storia/. Royal, Robert. The Pope’s Army: 500 Years of the Papal Swiss Guard. (Freiburg: Herder & Herder, 2006), 45 -46.

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